Majaalka samaynta semiconductor-ka, oo ka shidaal qaadanaya tartanka loogu jiro baratanka tiknoolajiyada, ayaa noqday goob tartan juqraafi ah oo siyaasadeed.
Huawei, oo ka mid ah shirkadaha tiknoolajiyada ugu tunka-weyn ee dalka Shiinaha, ayaa lagu eedeeyay in ay adeeegsatay chip-yada horumarsan; kuwaasoo ay soo saartay shirkadda Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) ee tiknoolajiyada ee AI-ga ama garaadka macamlka ugu dambeysay. Inkasta oo ay jiraan cunaqabateyn ka dhan ah si looga hortago wada shaqayn noocaan oo kale ah.
Warbixintan ayaa soo baxday toddobaadkii hore ka dib markii la sheegay in Huawei ay ka ka garab martay xadidaaada ganacsi ee horaan Mareykanku kusoo rogey; iyada oo la kaashaneysa shirkado gacan saddexaad ah, sida shirkadda naqshadeynta chips-ka ee ku taalla Shiinaha ee Sophgo, iyo sidoo kalen shirkadda ku takhasustay tekonolojiyadda qodista lacagaha dhijitaalka (Cryptocurrency) ah ee Bitmain.
Inkasta oo labada shirkadoodba ay inkireen eedeymahaas, haddana diiwaanada aasaasidda ee shirkadaha ayaa muujinaya in Micree Zhan—oo aasaasay Sophgo—uu sidoo kale ku lug lahayd aasaaska Bitmain.
Kadib cunaqabateyntii Mareykanka, Shiinaha wuxuu bilaabay dadaal lagu dhiirrigelinayo isku filnaasho dhanka warshadaha soo saara teknolojiyadda semiconductor-ka.
Qayb ka mid ah dadaalladan waxaa laga arkii karaa in bishii hore shirkadda Huawei ay bilawday tijaabinta chip-ka Ascend 910C, si ay ugula tartanto chip-ka NVIDIA ee H100.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, adeegsiga shirkadda Huawei ee dhawaan ay isticmaashay chip-yada TSMC, inkasta oo ay jiraan xannibaadaha ku aaddan dhanka ganacsiga, ayaa dib u soo cusboonaysiiyay doodo ku saabsan sheekada Shiinaha ee madaxbannaanida tiknoolajiyada iyo welwel laga muujinayo fulinta xeerarka cunaqabataynta ganacsiga ee adduunka.
Sida lagu xusay warbixinta Bloomberg, ku tiirsanaanta Huawei ee wax-soo-saarka chips-ka ee shirkadda TSMC waxay muujin kartaa dhibaatada joogtada ah ee Shiinuhu ku qabo soo saaridda chips casri ah oo ku filan, taas oo sii wiiqi karta awoodda dalkaas ee ah inuu gudaha ku soo saaro chips-ka tiknoolojiyadda sare.
Taktiiko ‘Backdoor’ ah - Albaab-hoosaad ah
Sida uu sheegay Tony Loughran, oo ah falanqeeye khataraha iyo agaasime ka tirsan Zero Risk International, adeegsiga alaab-qeybiyeyaal ganacsi gacan saddexaad ah si looga fogaado cunaqabateynta—oo si caadi ah loogu yaqaan “backdooring – albaab-hoosaad”—maaha xeelad cusub.
“Albaab-hoosaad ku shaqeynta ‘backdooring’, ama ka ganacsiga agab dhinac saddexaad ah, waa hab loo adeegsaday dalal kala duwan muddo sanado ah,” ayuu yiri Loughran isaga oo la hadlayay TRT World.
Wuxuu sharraxayaa fikraddaan isagoo tusaale taariikhi ah ku muujinaya ayuu xusay “Intii lagu jiray labadii dagaal ee Ciraaq, inkastoo ay jirtay xayiraad dhoofinta dhanka shidaalka ah, haddana waddamo ayaa weli ku guuleystay inay shidaalka ka iibsadaan Ciraaq oo kusii iibiyaan suuqyada madow. Ayagoo beegsanaya hadba meesha baahidu sareyso, badanaa waxaa jira hanaan lagu macaasho faa’iido leh iyo ganacsade diyaar u ah inuu abuuro waddo hareer-maris ah.”
Qaab-dhismeed la mid ah ayaa u muuqda inuu ka soo baxayo xaaladda Huawei, taasoo muujinaysa sida baahida sare ay mar walba u horseedi karto suuq madow iyo waddooyin hareer-maris ah oo ay abuurayaan dhinacyo faa’iido doon ah.
Processor-yada Ascend 910B ee Huawei waxaa suuragal ah in lagu sameeyo tiknoolajiyada horumarsan ee 7-nanometer ee TSMC, waxaana Bloomberg ay soo warisay in ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah chip-yadan laga helay marka la burburinayo tiknoolajiyada AI ee ugu dambeysa ee Huawei.
Maadaama Huawei ay ku jirto liiska madow ee Agoosto 2020, waxay inta badan ku tiirsan tahay warshadaha dalka gudahiisa sida shirkadda Semiconductor Manufacturing International Co. (SMIC) si ay u soo saarto chips.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, soo saarista chips AI ee SMIC oo la soo sheegay in ay leeyihiin waxsoosaar hoose—kaliya 20% waxsoosaarkooda ayaa shaqeeya kana hooseeya sidii loogu talagalay—ayaa muujinaysa xaddidaadaha warshadaha semiconductor-ka ee Shiinaha, waxaana suuragal ah in tani ay ku qasbeysay Huawei inay ku soo saarto chips meelo kale.
Sida ay u shaqeyso xeeladaan:
Habka lagu helo tiknoolajiyada xanniban ee loo maro kanaallo aan toos ahayn ayaa badanaa ku lug leh ganacsiyo dhinac saddexaad oo si rasmi ah u sheeganaya inay u adeegayaan macaamiil sharci ah, halka si qarsoodi ahna ay badeecadda ugu wareejiyaan shirkadaha laga mamnuucay.
“Arrintani badanaa waxay ku lug leedahay ganacsi dhinac saddexaad oo sheeganaya inuu u adeegayo macaamiil sharci ah, balse si qarsoodi ah ugu leexinaya badeecada shirkadaha dhaca waddamada xayiraadda lasaaray” ayuu ka warbixinayaa khabiirka khatarta Tony Loughran.
Kiiska Huawei, chips-ka waxaa laga yaabaa inay soo mareen ganacsato kala duwan ka hor inta aysan ku dhicin gacmaha Huawei. Silsiladdan adag ee badeeco gudbintu waxay suurtogal ka dhigaysaa in la garab maro xanibaadaha caalamiga ah iyada oo aan si toos ah loo ogaan soo dhinacyada ku lugta leh.
Loughran wuxuu ka digayaa khataraha la xiriira dhaqamada noocan ah: “Arrinta ugu weyn ee walaaca leh waa in haddii semiconductor chips ay si sahlan uga gudbi karaan xayiraadaha, loo baahan yahay in feejignaan dheeraad ah lagu yeesho alaabooyinka xasaasiga ah ee ku sugan goobaha khatarta sare leh, sida hubka casriga ah iyo nidaamyada difaaca.”
Wuxuu ku tusaaleeyay isaga oo barbardhigaya kiiska weerarka telefoonada gacanta ee Israel.
“Xaaladdan waxay u ekaanaysaa kiiska dhowaan laga soo sheegay Taiwan, halkaas oo qalabka pagers-ka lagu iibiyay qandaraaslaha dhinac saddexaad, ka dibna wax laga bedelay si loogu beegsado Hezbollah.”
Isbarbardhiggiisu wuxuu muujinayaa saameynta suurtagalka ah ee ka dhalan karta silsiladaha wax kala iibsiga ganacsiga ku aaddan tiknoolojiyadda oo aan si adag loo kormeerin.
Dagaalka loogu jiro isku-filnaansho?
Himilada Shiinaha ee isku-filnaanshaha ayaa ahayd tiir-dhexaadka siyaasaddeeda sidoo kalena tiknoolojiyadeed, iyadoo Madaxweyne Xi Jinping uu si weyn diiradda u saaray baahida loo qabo madaxbannaanida tiknoolojiyadda, xilli xiisadaha reer Galbeedka ay sii kordhayaan.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku tiirsanaanta Huawei ee TSMC si ay u soo saarto processor-yada AI-ga ugu dambeysay waxay muujinaysaa in himiladani ay weli ka fog tahay xaqiiqda kajirta geyiga Shiinaha.
Warbixinadu waxay si cad u muujinayaan caqabadaha Huawei ku haysta soo saaridda chips-keeda si ay ugaarto heer ganacsi oo faa’iido u leh.
Ka dib markii maamulka madaxweyne Biden soo rogay xakameyn adag oo ku saabsan dhoofinta qalabka teknolojiyadda, TSMC iyo adeeg bixiyayasha kale waxaa laga mamnuucay inay badeecado ama adeegyo ka iibiyaan Huawei; iyagoo aan haysan shatiga dhoofinta ee Waaxda Ganacsiga ee Mareykanka, maadaama hawlgalladooda iyo ganacsigoodu ay si weyn ugu tiirsan yihiin tiknoolojiyadda Mareykanka.
Si looga jawaabo arrintan, Huawei waxaa lagu qasbay inay ku ekaato wax-soo-saarka dhammaan, ku dhowaad qaybaha ay u baahan tahay, gudaha dalka—tillaabadaan oo aad qaali u ah oo kharashkeedu gaari karo boqolaal milyan ama xitaa balaayiin doolar, islamarkaana qaadan karta dhowr sano si loo dhammaystiro.
Soo saaridda xaddidan ee chips-ka 7nm ee SMIC waxay muujinaysaa caqabadaha ku xeeran hirgelinta heerarka sare ee tayada, taas oo lagama maarmaan u ah tartanka lala gelayo TSMC.
Jidka la tiigsanayo mustaqbalka:
Iyadoo doodda ku saabsan helitaanka Huawei ee semiconductor-yo casri ah ay weli socoto, Loughran wuxuu soo jeedinayaa tallaabooyin firfircoon oo ay dowladaha iyo shirkadaha tiknoolojiyadda qaadi karaan si looga hortago xadgudubyada noocan ah mustaqbalka.
“Shirkadaha tiknoolojiyadda waa inay kormeerayaal madaxbannaan u adeegsadaan si loo hubiyo hufnaanta iyo daacadnimada silsiladaha wax kala iibsiga ganacsiga, gaar ahaan goobaha saaran cunaqabateynta ama u baahan waafaqsanaanta heerarka sare ee amniga,” ayuu yiri.
Tallaabadan waxay gacan ka geysan kartaa ilaalinta hufnaanta iyo ka hortagga macaamillo albaab-hoosaad ah oo la mid ah kuwa u muuqda inay ka dhaceen kiiskii Huawei iyo TSMC.
Sidoo kale, Loughran wuxuu tilmaamayaa doorka Qaramada Midoobay ee xakameynta dhaqdhaqaaqyada noocan ah, isagoo si gaar ah u adkeynaya muhiimadda iskaashiga caalamiga ah.
“Doorka Qaramada Midoobay iyo cunaqabateynta suurtagalka ah waa in sidoo kale dib loo eegaa si loo caddeeyo mowqifka hadda ee Mareykanka,” ayuu yiri.
Habkan wuxuu gacan ka geysan karaa dhisidda hannaan caalami ah oo loogu talagalay kormeerka iyo fulinta cunaqabateynta, iyada oo la yareynayo fursadaha xadgudubyada ganacsi ee mustaqbalka.
XIGASHO: TRT WORLD IYO WAKAALADO KALE
Qalinkii: EDIBE BETUL YUCER
