Qalinkii: Edibe Betul Yucer

In-gudbiyeyaasha (Semiconductors), oo ah chip-yada yar-yar ee awood u siiya wax walba laga bilaabo taleefannada casriga ah ilaa baabuurta, ayaa noqday mid ka mid ah qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee kor u qaada horumarka teknoolojiyadda casriga ah.

Iyadoo warshadaha ay ku sii faafayaan caalamka oo dhan, baahida loo qabo chip-yadani way sii kordheysaa, iyadoo ay sabab u tahay kala-duwanaanshaha alaabooyinka teknoolojiyada iyo baahiyaha sii kordhaya ee warshadaha caalamiga ah.

Gudaha suuqan sii ballaaranaya waxaa ka jirta dagaalka chip-yada ee u dhexeeya Mareykanka iyo Shiinaha.

Tan iyo sanadkii 2022, cunaqabatayno taxane ah oo uu Mareykanku saaray ayaa bartilmaameedsanayay awoodda Shiinaha ee ku aaddan helitaanka in-gudbiyeyaasha casriga ah iyo chip-yada AI-ga, gaar ahaan kuwa ka imaanaya shirkadaha sida NVIDIA.

Mareykanku waxa uu ku doodaa in xayiraadahan ay ujeeddadoodu tahay in laga hortago Shiinaha in uu helo awoodaha casriga ah ee AI-ga oo ay ku isticmaali karto barnaamijyada hubka nukliyeerka iyo kuwa caadiga ah.

“Inkastoo aan dhawaan aragnay koror ku yimid tirada dalalka ka shaqeeya teknoolojiyada chip-yada, marka aan eegno in-gudbiyeyaasha tayada sare leh ee dabooli kara baahiyahan, waa cadahay in Mareykanka iyo Shiinaha ay yihiin ciyaartoyda ugu waaweyn,” ayuu yiri Ersin Kahmutoglu, oo ah khabiir dhanka amniga cyber-ka ee ADEO Cyber Security, mar uu la hadlayey TRT World.

Waxa uu tilmaamay in cunaqabataynta ay keentay sare u kaca tartanka u dhexeeya labada dal, taasoo ka dhigtay wax ka badan tartan teknooloji ah oo isu beddelay arrin qaran oo amni ah.

‘Gol-daloolada Cloud-ka’

Kadib markii uu Mareykanku soo rogay xannibaadaha dhoofinta, shirkadaha Shiinaha ayaa bilaabay inay sahamiyaan siyaabo kale oo ay ku heli karaan teknoolojiyada muhiimka ah ee in-gudbiyeyaasha.

Mid ka mid ah xalalka muhiimka ah ayaa ahaa adeegsiga cloud-ka. Shirkadaha Shiinaha ayaa u jeestay adeegyada sida Amazon Web Services (AWS) iyo barnaamijyada kale ee cloud-ka si ay u helaan chip-yada NVIDIA A100 iyo H100, kuwaas oo muhiim u ah tababarka models-ka AI-ga.

In kasta oo cunaqabataynta Mareykanku ay ka hortagtay keenista jireed ee chip-yada casriga ah, shirkadaha Shiinaha waxay ka faa’iideysteen awoodda xisaabinta ee cloud-ka si ay u sii wadaan horumarinta awoodooda AI-ga.

Paul Triolo, oo ah madaxa siyaasadda teknoolojiyada ee kooxda Albright Stonebridge, ayaa iftiimiyay xeeladaha ay shirkadaha Shiinaha u adeegsanayaan inay ku hareer maraan xayiraadaha dhoofinta ee Mareykanka.

“Shirkadaha Shiinaha waxay doorbideen GPU-yada shirkadda NVIDIA si ay u tababaraan models-ka, waxayna keydsadeen tiro badan oo chip-yada ah ka hor iyo kadib xayiraadihii dhoofinta Mareykanka ee bishii Oktoobar 2022, kuwaas oo lagu bartilmaameedsaday GPU-yada.”

Triolo wuxuu tilmaamay in “mid ka mid ah daldaloolada ugu waaweyn ee nidaamka xakamaynta dhoofinta ee Mareykanka uu yahay in uusan ku jirin adeegyada cloud-ka ee bixiya marin u helidda qalabka iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka ‘Infrastructure-as-a-Service.’”

Waxa uu intaas ku daray in bixiyeyaasha adeegyada cloud-ka ay weli si sharci ah ugu oggolyihiin inay adeegyo siiyaan shirkadaha Shiinaha ee ku hawlan AI-ga, maadaama “aysan jirin sharciyo hadda ka horjoogsanaya.”

Diiwaannada dadweynaha ayaa muujinaya in hay’ado Shiinaha ah sida Jaamacadda Shenzhen ay adeegsadeen adeegyada cloud-ka ee AWS si ay u hareer maraan xayiraadaha.

Khabiirka teknoolojiyada caalamiga ah ee Triolo ayaa u sheegay TRT World: “Waqtigan xaadirka ah, shirkadaha Shiinaha waxay awoodaan inay isticmaalaan GPU-yada ay kaydsadeen, ama ay helaan GPU-yada cloud-ka ee ka baxsan Shiinaha, ama ay isticmaalaan GPU-yada maxalliga ah ee ay soo saaraan Huawei iyo shirkado cusub oo kale.”

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daldalooladan hadda waa la eegayaa.

Bishii Janaayo 2024, Wasaaradda Ganacsiga ee Mareykanka ayaa soo jeedisay xeerar lagu adkaynayo gelitaanka adeegyada cloud-ka, taasoo laga yaabo inay xaddido awoodda shirkadaha Shiinaha ee ku aaddan adeegyada cloud-ka ee Mareykanka. Tani waxay sidoo kale sii xoojinaysaa dadaalka Beijing ee ku wajahan soo saarista chip-yada gudaha.

Wax Soo Saarka Gudaha

Natiijada cunaqabataynta Mareykanka ee ku aaddan dhoofinta in-gudbiyeyaasha casriga ah iyo chip-yada AI-ga, Shiinaha ayaa bilaabay inuu ku bixinayo kheyraad badan warshadda in-gudbiyeyaasha gudaha.
Triolo wuxuu tilmaamayaa in tallaabadani ay ka dhigtay soo-saareyaasha qalabka in-gudbiyeyaasha ee Shiinaha kuwo awood badan ku leh tartanka gudaha iyo kan caalamiga ah ee qaar ka mid ah meelaha muhiimka ah ee loo baahan yahay soo-saarka chip-yada.

Shirkadaha sida Huawei, oo ah shirkad teknoolojiyadeed oo weyn oo fadhigeedu yahay Shenzhen, ayaa hoggaaminaya dadaalkan iyadoo soo saaraysa chip-yada cusub ee AI-ga si ay ugu beddesho kuwa ay soo saaraan shirkadaha Mareykanka.
Sanadka 2024, Huawei waxay soo bandhigtay chip-ka Ascend 910C, oo ah beddel gudaha ah oo u dhigma chip-ka A100 ee Nvidia - kaas oo laga mamnuucay in loo iibiyo Shiinaha sababo la xiriira xayiraadaha dhoofinta ee Mareykanka sanadkii 2022.

Wararka ayaa sheegaya in Huawei ay bilaawday inay chip-kan Ascend 910C u dirto shirkadaha internet-ka waaweyn ee Shiinaha iyo kuwa u adeegsada server-yada si loogu tijaabiyo.
Kahmutoglu, isagoo sharaxaya sida tartankan u muujinayo muhiimadda juquraafiyeed ee teknoolojiyada in-gudbiyeyaasha, ayaa yiri:
"Mareykanka wuxuu u arkaa Huawei halis amni, halka Shiinuhu uu shirkadaha sida Intel iyo Nvidia u arko si la mid ah. Labada waddanba waxay soo rogeen cunaqabatayn maadaama mid walba uu u arko teknoolojiyada chip-yada kan kale halis ah."

"Tani waxay saameyn ku leedahay saaxiibbadooda, iyadoo Mareykanku uu ku cadaadinayo waddamada Yurub inay mamnuucaan alaabta Huawei."

Iyada oo laga jawaabayo cadaadiskan isa soo taraya, dawladda Shiinuhu waxay soo saartay hagitaan shirkadaheeda, iyada oo ku boorrinaysa inay ka fogaadaan iibsashada chip-yada H20 ee Nvidia,  oo taa beddelkeeda ay diiradda saaraan chips-yada AI ee gudaha laga soo saaro.
Inkasta oo tilmaamahan uusan ahayn mamnuucid rasmi ah, hay'adaha xeer-dejinta Shiinaha ayaa dhiirrigelinaya shirkadaha inay taageeraan soo-saareyaasha gudaha sida Huawei iyo Cambricon.

Dadaallada Huawei ee ku wajahan horumarinta teknoolojiyada chip-yada gudaha waxay u hoggaansamayaan hindisahan qaran ee ballaaran.

Sannadkii 2024-kii, Shiinuhu waxa uu soo dhoofsaday rikoodh qiimahiisu dhan yahay $26 bilyan oo ah qalabka wax-soo-saarka, taas oo ka tarjumaysa sida ay uga go'an tahay in la kordhiyo awoodda wax-soo-saarka gudaha.

Kahmutoglu wuxuu tilmaamay, "Istaraatiijiyadda Shiinaha ee hadda waxay higsaneysaa inay ka sii xoog badanaato Mareykanka xagga wax soo saarka chip. Dalku kaliya maaha inuu horumariyo beddelaad kale laakiin wuxuu ka shaqeynayaa nidaam deegaan oo waara kaasoo u oggolaanaya inuu xukumo silsiladdiisa sahayda in-gudbiyaha."

Shirkadda China Telecom, oo ah mid ka mid ah shirkadaha isgaarsiinta ugu weyn ee dowladda Shiinaha, ayaa dhawaan ku dhawaaqday horumarinta laba moodal oo waaweyn oo luqadeed (LLMs) oo si buuxda loogu tababaray chip-yada gudaha lagu sameeyay, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa ay soo saartay Huawei.

Horumarkan ayaa calaamad u ah dadaalka Shiinaha ee ku aaddan isku-filnaanshaha, isagoo muujinaya in shirkadahooda ay noqdeen kuwo awood badan inkasta oo ay jiraan xayiraadaha Washington.

Shirkadda China Telecom waxay sheegtay inay isticmaashay tobannaan kun oo chip-yada gudaha lagu sameeyay si ay u tababarto moodalka TeleChat2-115B iyo mid kale oo aan weli magaciisa la shaacin. Moodalka TeleChat2-115B wuxuu ka kooban yahay in ka badan 100 bilyan oo xuduudood (parameters), taasoo muujinaysa horumarka sii kordhaya ee Shiinaha ee dhanka horumarinta moodooyinka AI-ga.

Warbixin uu soo saaray Machadka Tignoolajiyada Macluumaadka iyo Isgaarsiinta ayaa tilmaamaysa in Shiinuhu uu hogaaminayo tirada daabacadaha cilmi-baarista AI-ga caalamka, isagoo ku dhow inuu meesha ka saaro farqiga uu la leeyahay Mareykanka ee ku aaddan models-ka AI-ga jiilka cusub.

Saameynta Mustaqbalka

Iyadoo ay Huawei iskaashi la sameyneyso shirkado maxalli ah sida China Telecom iyo Cambricon, waxaa lagu dhisayaa saldhig nidaam deegaan oo ballaaran oo lagu horumarinayo AI-ga oo ay taageerayaan chip-yada gudaha.
Hawshan ayaa ujeedadeedu tahay in la yareeyo ku-tiirsanaanta Shiinaha ee Nvidia iyo kuwa kale ee Mareykanka ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid u adkeysan karta cunaqabatayn kasta oo mustaqbalka ah.

Marka Shiinaha uu sii horumariyo awooddiisa gudaha ee in-gudbiyeyaasha, saameynta waxaa laga dareemayaa caalamka oo dhan.
Mid ka mid ah saameyntii ugu weynayd ee ka dhalatay dadaalka Shiinaha ee isku-filnaanshaha ayaa ah culeyska ay saartay shirkadaha Mareykanka iyo saaxiibadooda.

Paul Triolo wuxuu sheegay in "Khasaaraha ugu weyn waxaa la kulmay soo-saareyaasha qalabka ee Mareykanka iyo saaxiibadooda, kuwaas oo waayay balaayiin doolar oo dakhli ah, qaarna waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay shaqada ka joojiyaan shaqaale iyo in ay xiraan xarumo, iyagoo sidoo kale waayay saamiga suuqa ee Shiinaha oo ay la wareegeen tartamayaashooda."

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, caqabadaha weli way jiraan.
In kasta oo chip-yada AI-ga ee Huawei, sida Ascend 910C, loo soo bandhigay beddel ahaan chip-ka Nvidia A100, khubaradu waxay ka digayaan haddii chip-yadan ay awood u leeyihiin inay si buuxda ula jaanqaadaan waxqabadka kuwa Mareykanka.

"Si kastaba ha noqotee, qofna ma sheegi karo in Shiinaha uusan mustaqbalka la qabsan doonin. Geeddi-socodkan wuxuu ka bilaabmay Huawei, waxaana laga yaabaa in la ballaariyo iyada oo loo marayo shirkado maxalli ah oo kale mustaqbalka. Mareykanku wuxuu isku dayayaa inuu tan ka hortago iyada oo loo marayo cunaqabatayn iyo cadaadis siyaasadeed  laakiin in uu ku guulaysan doono iyo inkale ayaa la arki doonaa." ayuu yiri khabiir Kahmutoglu.

Xigasho: TRT World